This week: We're headed into the trenches to talk about trench stalemate in WWI (chiefly on the Western Front): what caused it, why wasn't 'just not attacking' a solution and could Wonder Woman have broken through? 'No' on that last one, by the way.https://acoup.blog/2021/09/17/collections-no-mans-land-part-i-the-trench-stalemate/ …
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On the western front, the biggest impact is probably the ground. Because they had invaded France initially, the Germans could, when the stalemate set it, withdraw to the best defensive positions. It meant they were on the best ground basically everywhere.
The Germans also had a modest but meaningful qualitative advantage, it seems to me, in leadership and infantry tactics. And they were, at the beginning of the war at least, better set for heavy artillery, which mattered so much.
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British armies had tended to be lighter on heavy equipment generally, since they needed to move to distant battlefields by ships, while the French emphasis on attack and maneuver had led them to prefer lighter artillery like the French 75.
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Heavy artillery is the biggest factor, especially from 1914-1916. The French generals in their communications are constantly hitting on the theme about fighting uphill against a torrent of heavy shells. It also gave the Germans a major advantage in their local operations.
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