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Also on this check out Erdkamp, Hunger and the Sword (1998). Were the Publicani (businessmen filling public contracts) sometimes involved? Yes. But the evidence for large-scale involvement, even as we get into the late republic, is thin.
Certainly during the Middle Republic, we see a lot more supplies being moved by senatorial legates (who may themselves be contracting individuals ships, etc for the purpose). Caesar, for all his supply concerns, gives us evidence for just one private grain purchaser.
So private businessmen filling public contracts probably had some role - but a smaller and less important (and presumably less lucrative) one that has long been supposed.
Also, on the road system, note Luttwak's observation (Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire (1976), 67ff) about the interaction of vertical vs. horizontal roads. A lot of Roman roads didn't reach back to bases of supply, but connected one frontier region to another.
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