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@BretDevereaux From the literature (it's not my expertise) I'd always understood the distinction was that the European states were integrated through various institutions, while the Ottomans remained outside of that system, interactions between them limited to war and trade.
The Ottomans were routinely allied with France against Italian and Central European powers in the great power rivalries of early modern Europe. Almost every European power of note had a permanent embassy to the Sublime Porte by 1615 or so.
Hmmm. I think the early Netherlands were for a bit as well, which would further support your case. Curious. I'm out of my depth and only know the general threads from this period. If you're correct, there's a great article on historical IR here!
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