1/6 Have been thinking about Thucydides "Fear, Honor, and Interest" quote. Poked around the Greek a bit, but I'm not an expert by any means in Ancient Greek, and would like others to comment. But some thoughts.
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In Polybius ὠφέλεια can mean 'spoils' or 'loot' which would seem to run the other way (though Polybius is much later, of course).
For my own part, I think honor covers alliances (though that may just be all of the Romans in my head shouting 'fides!' a lot). For the Greeks, I think a lot of honor comes down to both sides of the common Greek moral imperative to "help friends and harm enemies."
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And so includes both vindictive revenge on one side, and stalwart defense of allies on the other (though to be frank, few Greek states seem to me to have been very reliable allies in the long run. Greek diplomacy is just kind of awful, even by ancient standards).
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Honor/reputation/credibility may indeed cover alliances. That's fair. (and it certainly includes "do all harm/do all good" ethic.) I'm much more interested in the nuance around "interest"
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