Bret Devereaux

My understanding is that the consensus is that the idea that defined age-bands should hang out together like that is largely a product of universal education and the need to brigade together students at similar stages of intellectual and emotional development.

Though I can't claim expertise on that point. Nevertheless, I can absolutely say it doesn't seem to me to have been a common feature in pre-modern societies, which seem to me to almost always prefer cross-age-group groupings.

With the notable exception being the two big lines, between children and adults (often set in the teens) and the line between young adults and mature adults (often set in the thirties for men; the two lines are often identical for women). But much variation culture to culture.

"what's interesting too...and it hasn't been studied that much; I wish it had is how the warrior archetype works for women..." Gonna suggest it hasn't been studied in women as much because it is just as much BS mumbo-jumbo there as in men, but w/o the toxic-masculinity baggage?

"women in all female groups...I wish there was some real science on this" It is moments like these I wish I was a different kind of specialist, but I am going to guess there probably actually is a lot of real science on that, it just doesn't flatter Pressfield's preconceptions.

That said, one thing I find honestly infuriating about these videos is how Pressfield is presenting himself as an expert on things he doesn't have expertise in. We've already seen before what an absolute trainwreck his ancient history scholarship is...

...but, you know he's an old white guy sitting in a comfortable looking leather chair with a bookshelf behind him, so a lot of viewers will take him for an expertise - they will assume that there is some substance to back up his claims. So far I haven't seen any.

This is a big part of why, for the bigger blog series I run, I am careful to include bibliography and reading lists - I want my readers to know that I have done my homework for real. And it is also why I am careful to say "I don't know" when I don't know.

And "I don't know" is *not* the same as "we don't know" The latter implies a question not yet settled by the field and ought to only be made by an expert in that field who can survey from some height to determine that the question has not been answered.

Anyway, what Pressfield is very good at here is presenting an image of expertise (probably easier as a white male with thinning hair, speaking from experience), but he has not actually done the legwork to earn that perception by actually building expertise. Very frustrating.

Long personal anecdote about his marine training and the emotional impact of being accepted at the end of boot camp as a marine. He attributes this to his 'warrior archetype' but the more obvious element is the scientifically well documented human need for social-group-belonging

The moment when I came back after defending my diss. at UNC and was greeted by my advisor and committee with "Congratulations, Dr. Devereaux" was also really emotionally moving! I was being accepted into the 'guild of scholars' Not a lot of 'warrior' about it though.

Once again this point - about social structures, survival and the evolutionary pressure towards larger group sizes - is a point just made better and more clearly by Azar Gat without relying on Jungian mumbo-jumbo.

"Every aspect of the warrior archetype has a dark side and a light side" ...I know he's citing the book I mentioned above, but are we admitting George Lucas as evidence now? Are the Spartans the Sith? They're Sith, right?

And yes, I know we're touching on the Jungian concept of the 'shadow' but I'm not sure that's any more helpful than just assuming this is The Force.

Alright now on to Ep. 9: 'Why Study the Warrior Archetype' Which is a really good but difficult question, given that at this point I am pretty convinced that the 'warrior archetype' is bunk.

I'm not a therapist or a self-help guru or even a particularly well-adjusted person, but being in a state of war with myself "in my own head" as Pressfield puts it, sounds like a pretty miserable state of being and not a very helpful or healthy one.

He talks about facing "the same enemies that a soldier faces on the battlefield...fear, complacency, laziness...arrogance, vainglory, self-doubt, lack of self-belief...all of those things that are vices that drag us down to a lower level" So, I have a lot of things to say...

First, I find it really striking that 'right conduct' or 'just conduct' is nowhere in that list. Those are all things that hold one back from achieving one's goals, but not things which tell you "your goals are wrong and destructive and not to be pursued."

I was always really struck by the way Prof. (now ret.) Carlin Barton - (whose book on Roman honor, "Fire in the Bones" is a good one) - explained to me the Roman notion of how the ideal person was both powered by a sort of inner fire (virtus), but restrained as well.

J.E. Lendon brings this same dichotomy up in Soldier's and Ghosts in a military context, where Roman virtus (courage/zeal) struggles against disciplina (discipline) in the ideal soldier. The good Roman was fired up with virtus, but restrained by 'pudor' (a sense of shame)...

...by reason (ratio) and by the sense of justice which proceeded from that reason. But that sense of being bound, of being restrained, of being controlled (which is also super important in most other moral systems, e.g. Christianity and Islam) is not present here.

But there *is* an ideology in which "everybody is educated to become a hero" and where "life is permanent warfare" where "life is lived for the struggle" built on "contempt for the weak" And it's fascism because I've been quoting Umberto Eco in this tweet.

(His essay, Ur-Fascism, of course, which you should read!) I am obviously not saying Pressfield is a fascist - though he sure loves Sparta and I'd argue they were proto-fascist - but merely that those ideals lead somewhere rather specific and it is a fairly dark place.

I think this is a point that needs to be made in more depth that a tweet can manage, but what a lot of these 'cult of the badass' perspectives (be they life advice or bad history) have in common is this inchoate desire for conflict and the heroism that conflict provides...

...which are the ideological roots of fascist authoritarianism. As Eco puts "the Ur-Fascist hero craves heroic death, advertised as the best reward for a heroic life. The Ur-Fascist hero is impatient to die. In his impatience he more frequently sends other people to death."

Ok, we're moving in to the Bhagavad Gita which he says is the 'Hindu Bible' which is a gross oversimplification of the Gita's place in Hindu literature. The Gita is the most primary Hindu text, but exists in a constellation of others texts and teachings.