Bret Devereaux

'Now the Spartan shield' GREEK shield. Spartan aspides were not special. Oak as the material for Spartan shields. No. Shield woods were generally light and that went double for the already heavy aspis. Pliny says poplar, we have an example from Sicily with willow.

He goes on for a bit on the qualities of oak, which is rather pointless given the previous point. Also, he declares that 'nothing is going to penetrate this' which flies in the face of both some combat narratives in the sources and modern tests. Shields are good, not perfect.

Making declarative statements about the grips (overhand/underhand) of hoplite weapons. This is something that drives me absolutely nuts about pop-history like this: confident statements about points of real uncertainty. *Probably* overhand was more common, as in art.

'How did the Persians fight..they fought as archers, primarily.' Wild oversimplification of a complex, combined arms Achaemenid army that incorporated light infantry, missile troops, what I'd call 'medium' infantry, skirmish cavalry, etc.

The general point here - that Achaemenid armies were more 'fire' oriented and Greek armies more 'shock' oriented is, I think, sound, but the degree of difference is wildly overstated.

'They might have a leather jerkin that they wore' FFS. 'Leather Jerkin' is mostly a thing in Dungeons and Dragons. No serious student of historical armor uses this phrase, except for very early modern things like buff coats. So no, not leather jerkins.

I'd say, conservatively, 75% references to leather armor I see are bunk; most often the armor in question is actually textile. Not to say there weren't leather armors! Hardened leather, buff coats, leather lamellar, sure...but the DnD imagined leather is vastly overgeneralized.