@BretDevereaux You write that "Thucydides [was an] aristocratic Athenian[]… frustrated that democracy – in [his] view – let the fickle, uneducated and poor ‘masses’ make decisions that ought to have been left to their ‘betters.’"
What in his History do you infer that from?
The issue here is you are trying to fit Thuc into a modern conception of where the democratic/oligarchic line is. 'the people need a leader to tell them what to do' (instead of, 'the people need an executive to do what they tell them') *is* the oligarchic position in Athens.
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But if you're going to describe Thucydides as anti-democratic in relation to how he writes about Sparta or somewhere else, the exact line between what was considered democratic or oligarchic in Athens seems less pertinent than a more general idea of democracy.
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The issue is what seems democratic or oligarchic in Greece. No Greek would describe *any* modern state as a democracy - everything we call a democracy they'd likely frame as either oligarchies or 'mixed constitutions.'
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