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I know I’m not the first person to ask about this, but I wonder if enough people are tackling it aggressively enough. Seems like we could have a better picture of what actually happened across the 6th-4th C’s BC. 5/5
The way I teach this is that the system is culturally embedded, both in the tight-knit polis-community (provides necessary cohesion for non-professional shock infantry) and in the different structure of agriculture in Greece (more medium-sized freeholders who can afford kit).
How confident are you in that hypothesis? How much of the disparity do you think it accounts for?
Fairly confident? Our evidence is not great, but I think it largely tracks. Much of the Achaemenid military was hard-to-change legacy systems and I just can't imagine that in, say, 340, it felt absolutely necessary to change.
Consequently, adopting the Greek style of fighting effectively required also adopting Greek social and economic structures. Easier to buy the military package than rework your society to make it, especially since the Persian way of war worked just fine in the Near East pre-334.
Maybe not even necessary to buy, when you had subject Greek populations to draw on.
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