Common ethnicity was not at all irrelevant to Romepic.twitter.com/i3aSCuHnCc
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So, 1) Gibbon is hardly the last word and 2) all of those places are in Italy but 3) the auxilia @SarahEBond is talking about comes from mostly outside of Italy and 4) were often recruited so that the legion could be supported by combat styles Italy lacked (archer, horse archer)
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The Roman Empire produced cultural convergence outside of Italy, but unevenly. It is not clear that the Romans themselves ever intended to do so, but it became on of their great strengths: getting people of other cultures to buy into Rome.
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The examples I love to use when I teach are second century mummy portraits from Egypt - Egyptians often freely mixing their own styles with dress that marks them as Roman citizens. E.g. https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=119830&partId=1&searchText=Fayum+mummy+portraits&page=1 …
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Italy was a pretty diverse group of people from the 10th cent BC to the 2nd cent BC. Etruscans, Greeks, Oscans, Samnites, etc.
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Diverse but still very similar compared to say the Gauls/Germanics tribes to the west/North and the Persain/Medes/Egyptians to the East/South.
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