So, the 20/23 number is the product of the following: c. 200,000 helots. Assuming roughly 4,000 adult male Spartiates (c. 420 BC; there were probably never 10k Spartiates) suggests a total Spartan citizen population (men, women, children) c. 10,000-12,000
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As for Schumptre's dictum on democracy, Sparta fails at that. There were exactly 35 people whose opinion mattered in Sparta: 28 gerontes, 2 kings, 5 ephors. Often the gerontes may have also been ephors, which lowers the number further.
Spartan elections - done by acclamation - were about as democratic as modern elections in the various crypto-dictatorships like Russia. Systems to give the ruling minority's decisions the legitimacy of democracy without the reality, a fact that even out ancient sources admit.
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The idea of equality even among the peers (the homoioi) is also probably a myth. We see evidence for rich Spartiates and poor spartiates at the moment the sources are good enough to know.
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It isn't equal or cohesive. There's a plot by Spartiates who had fallen out of the census in the fourth century to try to overthrow the state - because there were a *lot* of them (the hypomeiones or inferiors).
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