So, the 20/23 number is the product of the following: c. 200,000 helots. Assuming roughly 4,000 adult male Spartiates (c. 420 BC; there were probably never 10k Spartiates) suggests a total Spartan citizen population (men, women, children) c. 10,000-12,000
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And given that we are talking about a society with roving terror-death-squads for helot men, can we even begin to doubt how horribly helot women must have been treated?
As for Schumptre's dictum on democracy, Sparta fails at that. There were exactly 35 people whose opinion mattered in Sparta: 28 gerontes, 2 kings, 5 ephors. Often the gerontes may have also been ephors, which lowers the number further.
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Spartan elections - done by acclamation - were about as democratic as modern elections in the various crypto-dictatorships like Russia. Systems to give the ruling minority's decisions the legitimacy of democracy without the reality, a fact that even out ancient sources admit.
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The idea of equality even among the peers (the homoioi) is also probably a myth. We see evidence for rich Spartiates and poor spartiates at the moment the sources are good enough to know.
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