So, the 20/23 number is the product of the following: c. 200,000 helots. Assuming roughly 4,000 adult male Spartiates (c. 420 BC; there were probably never 10k Spartiates) suggests a total Spartan citizen population (men, women, children) c. 10,000-12,000
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But this is why I see defenses of say - the Spartan treatment of women - as essentially hollow. Sure, Spartan citizen women had a few more liberties than Athenian citizen women. But most Spartan women were not citizens, most of them were helots.
And given that we are talking about a society with roving terror-death-squads for helot men, can we even begin to doubt how horribly helot women must have been treated?
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As for Schumptre's dictum on democracy, Sparta fails at that. There were exactly 35 people whose opinion mattered in Sparta: 28 gerontes, 2 kings, 5 ephors. Often the gerontes may have also been ephors, which lowers the number further.
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Spartan elections - done by acclamation - were about as democratic as modern elections in the various crypto-dictatorships like Russia. Systems to give the ruling minority's decisions the legitimacy of democracy without the reality, a fact that even out ancient sources admit.
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