While I'm here, I'd also content that Burn's reliance on Constant blurs the distinctions between the Greek concepts of autonomia and eleutheria and doesn't really fully capture the complexities of Greek notions of freedom (though I prefer libertas to both).
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In this, Sparta is a massive outlier. Societies in which enslaved persons constitute a simple majority are extremely rare. And the helots were treated brutally *by the standards of ancient slavery* which in turn were extremely low.
But this is why I see defenses of say - the Spartan treatment of women - as essentially hollow. Sure, Spartan citizen women had a few more liberties than Athenian citizen women. But most Spartan women were not citizens, most of them were helots.
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And given that we are talking about a society with roving terror-death-squads for helot men, can we even begin to doubt how horribly helot women must have been treated?
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As for Schumptre's dictum on democracy, Sparta fails at that. There were exactly 35 people whose opinion mattered in Sparta: 28 gerontes, 2 kings, 5 ephors. Often the gerontes may have also been ephors, which lowers the number further.
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