For comparison, estimates put the number of non-free persons in Roman Italy around 1-in-3. The helots were by contrast were probably something like 20 out of every 23 people in Sparta.
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So, the 20/23 number is the product of the following: c. 200,000 helots. Assuming roughly 4,000 adult male Spartiates (c. 420 BC; there were probably never 10k Spartiates) suggests a total Spartan citizen population (men, women, children) c. 10,000-12,000
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We have very little idea about the numbers of the perioikoi, but assume generously that they double the Spartiates suggests thus 200,000 helots out of a total pop of 230,000ish. Very approximate, but that's the range of figures to be thinking of.
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In this, Sparta is a massive outlier. Societies in which enslaved persons constitute a simple majority are extremely rare. And the helots were treated brutally *by the standards of ancient slavery* which in turn were extremely low.
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