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AstorAaron's profile
Aaron Astor
Aaron Astor
Aaron Astor
@AstorAaron

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Aaron Astor

@AstorAaron

Historian of the 19th Century U.S. and Associate Prof. at Maryville College. Author of Rebels on the Border and Civil War along Tennessee's Cumberland Plateau

Maryville, TN
Joined June 2009

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    1. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

      Why "Juneteenth"? It was the date in 1865 US troops under command of Gen. Gordon Granger arrived at Galveston, TX. He issued General Order 3: "The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free."pic.twitter.com/FTK1iWLbNg

      7 replies 63 retweets 145 likes
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    2. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

      Note that emancipation did not occur in one singular moment. It required a combination of Presidential order (esp. Emanc. Proc.), Congressional acts, enslaved people bravely pressing for freedom (esp. Union lines) within the war, Union military movement, & Const. Amendment.

      2 replies 11 retweets 35 likes
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    3. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

      As this map visualization shows, most of the enslaved people in the South were not actually freed until the very end, though in some parts of the South enslaved men, women and children attained their freedom quite early in the war. https://dsl.richmond.edu/emancipation/ 

      2 replies 8 retweets 17 likes
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    4. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

      Ironies abound with the timing. Some of the earliest liberation occurred in the secessionist hotbed of South Carolina's Low Country and Sea Islands in 1862. But emancipation did not arrive in Unionist Delaware and Kentucky until ratification of the 13th Amendment in Dec 1865.

      3 replies 5 retweets 19 likes
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      Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

      Of the famous Emancipation Proclamation of Jan. 1, 1863? This map shows the contingencies of troop movement and early politics of Reconstruction at the moment the Lincoln issued the Proclamation. Union controlled areas exempted, but only if a pro-Union civil government existed.pic.twitter.com/Th4jOexfC2

      5:59 AM - 18 Jun 2021
      • 6 Retweets
      • 21 Likes
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      6 replies 6 retweets 21 likes
        1. New conversation
        2. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

          The red areas generally experienced emancipation first, though the first real "emancipation event" at Fortress Monroe is in one of the blue sections. Slaves re-termed "contraband of war" by Gen. Benj Butler in May 1861, codified by two Confiscation Acts (Aug 61 & Jul 62).pic.twitter.com/iScst7oXUG

          1 reply 4 retweets 7 likes
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        3. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

          The Corinth, MS Contraband Camp interprets the lives of enslaved people as they reached Union lines and built lives in freedom. Corinth is in one of the red areas of the map.pic.twitter.com/3cCEsZeufQ

          2 replies 5 retweets 14 likes
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        4. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

          But political and military events shaped the general timing of emancipation. The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation was issued Sept. 22, 1862 to entice rebellious states to return to the Union. They would be exempted from the full Proc. on Jan 1 if they re-entered the Union.

          1 reply 4 retweets 7 likes
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        5. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

          Tennessee was granted a temporary "blue" status because Gov. And. Johnson thought he could form a Unionist civilian govt if only Lincoln agreed to hold off emancipation for a bit. That failed. On Aug 8, Johnson encouraged black military enlistment+freedom.https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/09/when-andrew-johnson-freed-his-slaves/ …

          1 reply 5 retweets 8 likes
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        6. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

          For this reason, African Americans in Tennessee and Kentucky (and much of the Upper South) have long recognized August 8 as their "Juneteenth."pic.twitter.com/DCDSvvlCIF

          2 replies 14 retweets 24 likes
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        7. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

          The vicissitudes of war brought emancipation to some states (Mississippi) before others (Alabama). Note that the last CSA General to surrender, Stand Watie, did not do so until June 23, 1865. E. Kirby-Smith signed surrender of the CSA Trans-Miss. in Galveston on June 2.

          1 reply 4 retweets 13 likes
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        8. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

          So Juneteenth wasn't slaves "first hearing about their emancipation after the war." It was when the Emancipation Proclamation could finally take effect in Texas. Confederates surrendered in Texas just 17 days earlier. As elsewhere, emancipation arrived in TX w/ the Union army.

          4 replies 23 retweets 46 likes
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        9. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

          But it's important to note that African American Union soldiers arrived in TX in larger numbers from June 1865 through 1866, often replacing white Union soldiers sent back home. And as elsewhere, the course & timing of emancipation shaped the process of Reconstruction to come.

          4 replies 4 retweets 16 likes
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        10. Aaron Astor‏ @AstorAaron Jun 18

          At the same time, it's important to remember how "unthinkable" general emancipation was to most Americans - black & white - in 1860. What happened the next few years was revolutionary - incomplete in many ways - but still one of the most profound moments of liberation in history.pic.twitter.com/gBgndr3SQ2

          2 replies 12 retweets 48 likes
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        11. End of conversation
        1. Neil‏ @neipate96 Jun 18
          Replying to @AstorAaron

          what's Tennessee?

          0 replies 0 retweets 3 likes
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