The word was interpreted in a new context which caused examples of brilliant and useful inventions to spring to the mind. That good impression automatically spilled over into areas and disciplines unrelated to science and technology.
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The emphasis on ruptures, fragments and discontinuitites is still all the rage in our universities. This extreme view of innovation has been dominant for so long that even our dictionaries take it for granted. Innovation is supposed to exclude imitation as completely...
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... as imitation excludes it. Examples of how the word should be used are of this type: "it is easier to imitate than to innovate." This conception is false, I believe, but its falsity is easier to show in some domains than in others.
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The easiest illustration is to be seen in contemporary market economies. This is certainly a domain in which innovation occurs on a massive, even frightening scale, at least in the so-called developed countries. It is not difficult to observe the type of behavior that fosters..
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..economic innovation. In Economics, innovation has a precise definition; it is sometimes the bringing of technical invention into widespread practical use, but it can also be improvements in production technique, or in management. It is anything as yet untried that gives...
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...a business an edge over its competitors. That is why innovation is often regarded as the principal, even the sole source of profits. Business people can speak lyrically about their mystical faith in innovation and the brave new world it is creating, but the driving force...
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... behind their constant innovation is far from utopian. In a vigorous economy, it is a matter of survival, pure and simple. Business firms must innovate in order to remain competitive. Competition, from the Latin words, cum and petere, means to seek together.
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What all businessmen seek is profits; they seek them together with their competitors in the paradoxical relationship that we call competitive. When a business loses money, it must innovate very fast, and it cannot do so without forethought. Usually there is neither money nor...
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... the time for this. In this predicament, business people with a strong survival instinct will usually reason as follows: "If our competitors are more successful than we are, they must be doing something right. We must do it ourselves and the only practical way to go about...
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... it is to imitate them as exactly as we can." This common sense makes less sense than it seems. To begin with, is there such a thing as "absolute innovation"? In the first phase, no doubt, imitation will be rigid and myopic. It will have the ritual quality of the external.
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After a while, however, the element of novelty in the competitor's practice will be mastered and imitation will become bolder. At that moment, it may - or may not - generate some additional improvements which will seem insignificant at first, because it is not suggested...
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.. by the model, but which really is the genuine innovation that will turn things around. I am not denying the specificity of innovation. I am simply observing that, concretely, in a truly innovative process, it is often so continuous with imitation that its presence can...
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... be discovered only after the fact, through a process of abstraction. Our age tries to overcome the modern obsession with the "new" through an orgy of casual imitation, an indiscriminate adoption of all models.
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We must observe that mimesis returns to us in a parodic and derisive mode that is a far cry from the patient, pious and single-minded imitation of the past. The imitation that produced miracles of innovation was still obscurely related to the mimesis of religious ritual.
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The real purpose of post-modern thinking may well be to silence once and for all the question that has never ceased to bedevil "creators" in our democratic world - the question of "Who is innovative and who is not?" If such is the case, post-modernism is only...
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... the latest modality of our romantic "false consciousness," one more twist of the old serpent. There will be more. - Some notes from "Innovation and Repetition" by Rene Girard
@MimeticValue@dopaminendreams@pmarca@startupdaemon@GirardForum@BrunoPerennou@tellfisherShow this thread
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Poor Nietzsche is sooo misunderstood!!! He actually HATED innovations; especially the type exhibited in 'science and technology'. After all; he strongly believed in ARISTOCRATIC/traditional rule over the Imperialist/Democratic/Capitalist/Scientific/Industrial 'innovations'.
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Perhaps he didn’t realize his own innovations haha Girard is saying that his refusal to be a model is an innovation, not that Nietzsche is not a classicist who intends to return to paganism and to nature.
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That is a tricky one. He was never really given a chance to be a model due to his views. A modernist interpretation of Nietzsche is bound to completely fall apart as he rejected all models. But it is very hard to determine if he never wished to be a model himself; an Aristocrat.
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Yes it is hard to say because his unpopularity was probably not by choice. I would say though that his focus on certain people creating their own values and perhaps his own attempt at that are an attempt to not be a model. Girard would says it’s impossible NOT to be a model.
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I do wonder though because of Nietzsches sickly nature and lack of finesse with the ladies that he in truth must have seen himself as not one of the powerful and thus not worthy of emulation. He did ask, “why am I so wise?” Though

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...So Clever... Such An Excellent Writer, etc... He put 'Why I am such a Fatality' in the same theme! LOL
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