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The challenge of answering this comes from defining "capitalistic". I think markets have been, to a greater or lesser extent, a driving force of economics for a long time. I think things like venture capitalism and ownership through stocks is a newer concept, but could be wrong.
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In some places, like Brazil, what seems to be the case is Capitalism never trully developed. Here there is some kind of atualized Ancien Régime or a Feudalistic Industrialized society — an analogue to French Revolution never happened here.
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We have been capitalistic in the sense of mostly respecting private ownership of the means of production for a very long time. But not until industrial revolution did that produced dynamism of modern economy.
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Until the end of WW-I, Portugal was quite a "midddle-age" country. Then it was at most a marcantilistic (or "proto-capitalistic") society. But at the same time, the US was fond to capitalistic values and institution for more than a century when WW-I ended.