People always remember the invasions *from* the Steppe but tend to overlook the frequent invasions *OF* the Steppehttps://twitter.com/christopherburd/status/875369484105560064 …
All of those are in the Eurasian Steppe, they were indeed urban from the start, but they were the urban side of the same nomadic people
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The steppe peoples showed a pattern of herding/urban civilization, unlike the farming/urban civilization that prevailed in Rome, China, etc
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Fundamentally different relationship between urban and rural communities imo. In settled world, there was free movement between the two
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There was much freer movement between urban and rural world in Central Asia than in Mediterranean, Middle East, China etc
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e.g., entire Silk Road trading routes, oases and caravans
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Those developed only after the creation of the trade routes.Settled civilization based on agriculture was in Bactria and sogdiana before
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I disagree, in almost all cases linguistic/racial differences are manifest, Sogdiana was Iranian, Bactria was Iranian and Greek.
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By contrast most Steppe people's are Turkic
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You can see this today, Tajik population in Samarkand, Uzbek population in the countryside
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much like the makeup of Ancient Greek colonies, or Italian trading cities on the Yugoslav coast.I believe Steppe cities had similar origins
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The Tarim basin is separated from the Steppe by two mountain ranges, Bactria/Afghanistan is mountainous and Sogdiana is a river valley.
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Only sogdiana could really be considered Steppe, but owing to the fertile Zeravshan its geography is fundamentally different
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*eurasian Steppe
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