This is a train with mixed seating: most seats are unreserved (pics 1 and 3), but some require a reservation (pics 2 and 4).pic.twitter.com/Aptqz6EOng
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But wait, there's more! These are the sorts of trains where you'll find first class sections--that's an additional seat fare.
Compare regular (pic 2) with "super" seats (pics 3-4) here. Paying for the latter = special base fare + seat fare + first class fare.pic.twitter.com/8jhdsxDOwy
What about high-speed trains? Base fare + high speed fare = unreserved seat between A and B via high speed rail.
Base fare + high speed fare + seat fare = reserved seat, etc. Pay another surcharge for first class, etc.pic.twitter.com/n5Km06qaox
Overnight trains are usually classed as "limited express," so: special base fare + seat fare = overnight trip in coach...
...or, special base fare + bed fare = overnight trip in a bed, OR, special base fare + suite fare = overnight trip in a suite...etc etcpic.twitter.com/Yq92UlajHx
What about novelty trains like this? Depends--are they charter or not? If not, then they're probably limited express, and those fares apply.pic.twitter.com/DEddMB6kTw
But if they're charter--like this one--then it's a special case. You're not traveling to *get somewhere* anymore, but for the fun of it.pic.twitter.com/uuDxDnGe40
Since you're just riding for the experience, your fare isn't based on distance or travel time--those are both givens in this equation.
You pay a base fare which covers the cost of the excursion, and you may pay extra for a special kind of seat, meal, or other extra service.
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