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  1. 25yoM=eval for infertility Has bilat gynecomastia,small firm testes,abnormaly long extremities. SerumLH,FSH,testosterone,sperm count level=?
  2. Thus closure of ASD may be required to prevent irreversible pulmonary vascular sclerosis and thus prevent permanent Eisenmenger syndrome.
  3. Over time, pulm vascular sclerosis=irreversible&closure cardiac septal defect can no longer be hemodynically tolerated by right ventricle.
  4. Reversal of shunt thru congenial cardiac defect(ASD)due to pulm HTN=Eisenmenger syndrome. R→Lshunt=late-onset cyanosis,clubbing,polycythemia
  5. ASD=wide fixed splitS2=L→Rshunt b/c↑pressure in LA=↑blood flow thru muscular pulmA→develop laminated medial hypertrophy=↑pulm vasc resistnce
  6. @hassanminhas got the correct answer: Pulmonary vessels. @hassanminhas = Rawalpindi Medical College (Rawalpindi, Pakistan)
  7. 12yoM have wide fixed splitting of S2.No symptoms.If present congenital heart dx may need surgical repair to prevent irreversible change in?
  8. UricAcidKidneyStone in leukemia pt, 2ndary to↑production UricAcid from purine breakdown in periods of active cell prolif esp after treatment
  9. @hassanminhas got the correct answer: Uric acid kidney stones. @hassanminhas = Rawalpindi Medical College (Rawalpindi, Pakistan)
  10. 54 yo male with ALL develops blast crisis. Treated with intensive systemic chemo. Following treatment, pt at ↑ risk for development of?
  11. Hemophilia =normal bleeding time & platelet count, normal PT (extrinsic,factors2,5,7,10) & prolonged PTT (intrinsic,factors2,5,8,9,10,11,12)
  12. Factors 8 & 9 are needed to activate factor 10→10a, which converts prothrombin (factor 2) → thrombin = thrombus formation/clot.
  13. Hemophilia=XR bleeding d/o, develop due to↓serum factor8(hemophiliaA) or factor9(hemophiliaB). Factor8,9 part of intrinsic coagulation path.
  14. @hackinmage got the correct answer: Factor VIII (hemophilia A) or IX (hemophilia B). @hackinmage = Ross University (Dominica, West Indies)
  15. 6yoM suffer prolong bleeding after dental extraction.PMH hemarthrosis-developd after minor trauma. Pt's blood likely clot after addition of?
  16. Intercellular bridges become more distinctive in an edematous background and the epidermis is often described as appearing "spongy".
  17. Histologically, acute eczematous dermatitis characterized by an epidermal accumulation edematous fluid in intercellular spaces (spongiosis).
  18. Active Tcell in skin=inflam response within 24hr of Ag re-exposure. Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in form of spongiotic derm=end result
  19. AllergicContactDerm arise when Langerhan cell present epidermal Ag to naiveCD4Tcell in draining lymph nodes. Activated Tcell migrate to skin
  20. EczematousDerm separated into: Allergic contact derm, Atopic derm, DrugRelated eczematous derm, PhotoEczematous derm & Primary irritant derm